CAS: 8013-75-0
Fusel oil, also known as higher alcohols or fusel alcohols, is a mixture of several alcohols produced as a by-product during alcoholic fermentation, particularly by yeasts. It typically contains isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol), isobutanol (2-methyl-1-propanol), n-propanol (1-propanol), and sometimes active amyl alcohol (2-methyl-1-butanol). The exact composition varies depending on the raw material, fermentation conditions, and yeast strain. Fusel oil has a pungent, disagreeable odor and taste when present in significant quantities in alcoholic beverages.
Historically, fusel oil has been used as a solvent in various industrial processes. It serves as a raw material for the chemical synthesis of various esters, which are widely used as solvents, artificial fruit flavors, and fragrances. Specific components of fusel oil, like isoamyl alcohol, are isolated and used individually. In very small, controlled amounts, specific higher alcohols can contribute to desired flavor profiles in certain food and beverage products.
Its primary applications involve its use as a solvent for paints, lacquers, and varnishes. It is also a key intermediate in the production of esters such as isoamyl acetate (banana oil), which is used as a flavoring agent and a solvent. Other esters derived from fusel oil components are used in fragrances, cosmetics, and as chemical reagents. Research also explores its potential as a fuel additive due to its alcohol content.
Fusel oil is a flammable liquid and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It can be an irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation. Inhalation of high concentrations of vapors may cause dizziness, drowsiness, headaches, nausea, and central nervous system depression. Ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and can cause more severe central nervous system effects, including stupor and coma. Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to liver and kidney damage. It is generally considered more toxic than ethanol, contributing significantly to the severity of hangovers when consumed in alcoholic beverages.
Higher alcohols; Fusel alcohols; Fermentation amyl alcohol; Amyl alcoholfermentation; Alcoholfusel; Fusel spirits; Potato spirit oil
Search suppliers instantly using CAS or chemical name
Search Suppliers →